No, Part 107 requires a Remote Pilot certificate. Yes, as a Student Pilot they can. Yes, under the direct supervision of a remote Pilot in Command. 

up to 2 years after the date of final conviction. up to 1 year after the date of final conviction.   up to 6 months after the date of final conviction.

12 hours. 8 hours. 24 hours.

.04 percent by weight or more alcohol in the blood.   .004 percent by weight or more alcohol in the blood. .008 percent by weight or more alcohol in the blood.

If prior permission is received from the Federal Aviation Administration. If precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to persons or property on the surface.  Only in an emergency.

Not compliant with Part 107. Part 107 does not apply to this scenario. Compliant with Part 107. 

Over suburban areas. Over a parade or other social events. Over a sparsely populated area.  

The National Transportation Safety Board. Upon request of the Federal Aviation Administration.  Air Traffic Control.

The FAA Inspector-in-Charge. The lead visual observer. The Remote Pilot in Command.

the Remote PIC.  the controlling agency. Air Traffic Control.