physiological factors

The pilot is lazy and rushes to get done quickly. The pilot hurries to get done in order to rest. Fatigue may not be apparent to a pilot until serious errors are made (an impaired pilot is a dangerous pilot).

All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance. Haze causes the eyes to focus at infinity. The eyes tend to overwork in haze and do not detect relative movement easily.

concentrate on relative movement detected in the peripheral vision area. systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals. continuously scan the sky from right to left.

peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing off-center viewing. a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements to search each 10-degree sector. regularly spaced concentration on the 3-, 9-, and 12-o’clock positions.

not exceed 10 degrees and view each sector at least 1 second. use peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing off-center viewing. be 30 degrees and view each sector for at least 3 seconds.

clear days. hazy days. cloudy nights.

slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud. increasing the breathing rate in order to increase lung ventilation. closely monitoring the flight instruments to control the airplane.

Judgment and decision-making abilities can be adversely affected by even small amounts of alcohol. A small amount of alcohol increases vision acuity. Consuming an equal amount of water will increase the destruction of alcohol and alleviate a hangover.

Aerosinusitis. Aerotitis. Hyperventilation.

easily by an experienced pilot. by an ability to overcome sleep deprivation. as being in an impaired state.